The Lesser Evil:

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Ep24. 請不要忘記要無中生有啊

好多謝大家喺過去嘅一個禮拜DM入面嘅鼓勵,有一條問題經常出現,就係我點樣諗每個星期podcast嘅題目。其實呢個同我成個podcast想帶出嚟嘅主題有非常密切嘅關係~不過而家首先要帶大家陪我返返去兩年前喺英國嘅我。。。

2018年7月,我同多年前拎咗同一個獎學金嘅同學仔一齊去咗一個所謂嘅innovation & leadership week。我仲記得我哋嗰個晏晝喺陽光底下飲住杯好難飲嘅咖啡(英國嘅咖啡。。。),涼涼地嘅天氣下面曬太陽。其實已經唔係好記得學咗啲咩嘢,但係喺最後幾日嘅一個活動令我感受好深。活動要求我哋諗一啲ideas出來,然後一齊諗辦法將佢變成一個business case。大家係咪都諗緊個難題係實行方面呢?估唔到最難嘅部份係諗一啲新嘅idea。都已經唔講究賺唔賺到錢,成20個人,大家一講到idea就呆咗。呢個時候我嘅無里啦更就大有用場啦,於是我將我心入面嘅奇怪idea講晒出來,例如用紅酒渣整唇膏、3D print胸圍、一個實時犯罪app、幫清潔姐姐整一個全新萬能嘅裝備、一對可以分拆嘅鞋可以變成平底/高踭鞋等等。當時我記得大家都好讚嘆話:「嘩!你好creative啊!」嗰時我先知原來呢啲就係creative?又或者,原來大家都唔習慣有啲奇怪嘅ideas?

我知道單單有奇思異想唔等於有創意,於是返到香港,我開始睇多咗乜嘢係「creativity」,例如《The Creative Curve》、《Where good ideas come from》同埋上咗IDEO U嗰啲咩Innovation / Design Thinking / insights course。咁啱我嘅工作係關於「innovation」,所以不其然都睇多咗trend reports,同埋留意世界各地嘅新產品。咁啱我嗰時睇緊Yuval Noah Harari嘅《Homodeus》,好驚第時老咗被社會同人工智能淘汰,而我覺得現時人類同機器、algorithm嘅分別就係creativity。我唔可以算得上係一個creative嘅人,亦都好憎creative writing,但係經過呢幾年睇東睇西同埋呢20幾集嘅經驗,我諗都可以分享下我嘅學習總結:

不停彈啲新嘅所謂「idea」出嚟,竅門係由問題出發。只要諗到一個問題就有一個idea。例如上年用Airdrop文宣係一個極creative嘅主意,呢個係一個解決方法,而個問題係文宣無辦法方便咁傳出去。同樣如果我將自己張相漫無目的咁airdrop出去,算唔算係creative呢?當然唔算,由此可見creativity係需要一個問題、目的。但係我發現原來大家都唔係好留意到身邊嘅問題。點解大家都留意唔到呢?因為原來我哋都唔知乜嘢先係問題。一個問題嘅開始係一堆facts,放喺一套價值觀/觀念底下會將facts變成問題。例如:香港嘅低收入人士嘅居住環境細。咁樣並唔係一個問題。問題嘅開端係我哋相信一個人必須要有足夠嘅居住空間,點解呢?因為我哋相信每個人都應該有基本嘅生存權利同生活嘅環境。唔一定吓吓都講普世價值嘅,商業啲嘅例子,例如車會排放廢氣、胸圍經常買唔啱、整紅酒好多酒渣,呢啲都未係問題。問題係我哋相信車唔一定要依賴汽油、胸圍唔一定要唔啱身、酒渣唔一定要揼,先會去搵方法可去解決。。。對現狀感到不滿,或者覺得有其他可能,會唔會係我哋同機器、動物嘅分別呢?但係好多時我哋盲目地生活,接受咗一套「係咁架啦」嘅思維,變成一個盲點,喪失咗見到問題嘅能力。我諗大家鐘意聽我嘅podcast,係咪都係因為享受發掘到問題嘅樂趣呢?

當然,唔一定需要有既定價值觀、某種觀念先會有問題,例如小朋友嘅問題。你哋有冇睇過《A beautiful mind》《Apollo 13》《The Da Vinci Code》《24》呀?最近係屋企搵到一本書,作者係呢一系列嘅電影、劇集嘅製作人Brian Grazer。書名叫《A Curious Mind》。同解決問題嘅創意唔同,好奇心可以係漫無目的嘅。其中有幾句我好激動咁highlight咗。作者話,佢睇過一篇喺Harvard Business Review入面講P&G嘅文章,「the word "innovation” appeared 65 times. The word curiosity not once. We simply don't credit curiosity. We don't even credit curiosity when we are using it, describing it, and extolling it. We live in a society that is increasingly obsessed with "innovation" and "creativity ".」我當頭棒喝,咁啱我哋嘅CEO喺度講要公司更加innovative、creative,但係一句都無提過要令到我哋對消費者更加有好奇心。其實,有幾多商業世界嘅人真係對消費者有好奇心,把握每一個機會去了解佢哋?消費者只不過係份report入面嘅一粒數字。我哋可以有千種百種嘅方法去「後天engineer」creativity、innovation,但係呢啲只不過係結果,個起因係要有好奇心。點解成日胸圍都唔啱着?因為個胸會因為月經周期唔同而改變大細同形狀,同埋每個人兩邊胸都唔同大細,咁點解要兩邊bra一樣size?點解唔可以根據生理週期3D印出嚟?飲完紅酒個咀會染咗紅色,點解唔可以用嚟做唇膏?可能喺揾答案嘅過程中,會發現一啲新嘅嘢呢

你知唔知GPS係點樣發明嘅呢?根據《Where good ideas come from》,1957年10月7日,兩個喺Johns Hopkins University APL (Applied Physics Laboratory)嘅學生Guier & Weiffenbach係飯堂傾計,當時咁啱歷史上第一個人造地球衛星由蘇聯發射升空,佢哋係度傾話呢個衛星Sputnik會發出(microwave signals)微波信號,唔知APL會唔會收到呢啲信號呢?咁啱Weiffenbach讀緊microwave spectroscopy而又有一部20MHz嘅receiver。於是佢哋聽咗一個晏晝,覺得好神奇,竟然聽到來自太空但係又係人為嘅訊號,於是佢哋仲記低埋啲signals嘅frequency同時間。就係咁,佢哋計算到個人造衛星嘅軌跡。但係最得意嘅就係,1958年APL嘅deputy director召見咗佢哋兩個,問佢哋:如果因為receiver嘅位置不變,而你可以計算到郁緊嘅衛星嘅位置,咁你可唔可以掉返轉,由一個已知嘅嘅衛星軌跡計返個receiver係邊?原來,當時軍方研究緊發射北極星(Polaris)核導彈,需要由潛艇發射,所以知道潛艇準確嘅位置,對於計算核彈嘅軌跡好重要。但係相比起陸地,浮下浮下嘅潛艇嘅位置會經常改變,如果能夠用已知嘅衛星軌跡back calculate潛艇嘅位置,就非常重要喇!慢慢呢個科技由軍方開放到民用,就成為咗今日我哋嘅GPS。我諗當時食食下lunch諗下無聊嘢嘅佢哋,應該唔會諗到會無端端發明咗改變世界嘅GPS呢?

作者話:「We live in an era in which, if you’re willing to squint, all of human knowledge is accessible on a smartphone, but the bias against curiosity still infuses our culture.」我哋生活喺一個同知識近在咫尺嘅世界,但係我哋仍然對好奇心有偏見。佢其中一個話世人懲罰好奇心嘅例子係聖經入面嘅亞當、夏娃就係因為好奇心而犯錯:「Stories like Adam and Eve reflect the need of cultures and civilisations to maintain the status quo...The ability to ask any questions and bodies to things. The freedom to go chase the answer, and the ability to challenge authority. Curiosity is itself a form of power, and also a form of courage.」好奇心係天真:「咦?乜原來係咁架?」嘅addiction,一種不安於現狀、挑戰威權嘅力量與勇氣。唔知幾時開始,我哋將創意外判,慢慢甚至將好奇心外判,覺得呢啲係其他人嘅職責,自己唔係creatives就只係需要安守本份計好條數、gen好份report就算。好奇心雖然係與生俱來,但係會慢慢消失。

單純問問題、好奇心都可能未必足夠,睇完《Where good ideas come from》覺得最得意嘅就係佢嘅「coffeehouse model of creativity」。其實之前我哋喺《親愛的咖啡因》嗰一集都講過呢本書架喇,當時我寫:改變世界的發明都是在coffeehouse裡誕生,原因是因為哪裏有不同學術背景、興趣的人聚集,cross-fertilize彼此的new ideas,而這種方式最能引發創意。其實講到尾就係我哋connect the dots。書入面講到,一位Stanford Business School教授Martin Ruef研究business innovation同diversity嘅關係,佢發現766個畢咗業之後去咗創業嘅畢業生之中,通常出得多新產品,有多項專利或者trademark嘅都係多啲唔同圈子嘅朋友。不過呢個係causation定correlation就不得而知嘞。另外一個connect the dots嘅例子就係Gutenberg嘅printing press。書入面講話,來自德國Rhineland嘅Gutenberg喺1440發明咗用鉛嘅活字印刷機,其實活字印刷並非新發明,Gutenberg嘅發明咁重要,最主要係因為部機可以利用重量好快咁將啲墨好均勻、快咁印落張紙度(如果想睇片可以睇呢條link[1]),在此之前似乎大家都係用人手。究竟佢connect咗咩dots呢?原來Rhineland當時出產好多葡萄酒,所以有指佢嘅啟發係來自wine press!將啲提子放喺一個盤度,然後用機器壓碎佢哋。

呢啲可能俾到大家一種創意係叮一聲嘅事,但係《Where good ideas come from》入面都有提到slow hunch,大概係話好多重要嘅發現都唔係叮一聲嘅,而係科學家有一種hunch,但係佢哋冇辦法即時prove到,所以為有慢慢等佢哋喺思緒發酵。例如Darwin嘅進化論、Priestley發現氧氣等等都唔係一朝一夕嘅事。既然人嘅記憶力並不長久,要經得起slow hunch就自然需要記錄低ideas啦!我自己習慣將平時諗過、睇過覺得得意有趣嘅嘢寫低係一個google doc入面,入面由A-Z咁排,就係我睇完書入面提到嘅commonplace book所做嘅。佢話連Darwin、John Locke都係咁喎,咁我又試下。因為想connect the dots都要有啲dots先得架嘛。“You need a system for capturing hunches, but not necessarily categorising them, because categories can build barriers between to separate ideas, restrict them to their own conceptual islands” 即係要亂中有序 order in chaos。將啲ideas打散咁排,再睇番嘅時候就可以將毫無關係嘅ideas連接,又可以有條理咁記錄自己所思所想。呢個方法同推進人類文明嘅互聯網有異曲同功之妙。1989年發明World Wide Web嘅Tim Berners-Lee話:「記者成日都問我點樣發明WWW,但係當我同佢講我係冇個一種Eureka! moment嘅時候,佢哋都好失望。但係發明WWW係我一路以來相信there was a power in arranging ideas in an unconstrained, weblike way,一步一步咁延伸出來嘅idea。」我哋都應該唔會成為下一個達爾文,但係至少喺自己思想上都可以感受下嗰種connect the dots嘅快感。

Berners-Lee嘅發明將資訊連接,係Gutenberg嘅printing press嘅無限升級版,可謂人類Information Age嘅開始。知識變得無遠弗屆、垂手可得,文明發展嘅速度前所未有咁快。但係當algorithm出現,唔知係進步定倒退呢?我擔心我哋變得越來越無好奇心。最近好紅嘅《Social Dilemma》(雖然我唔知點解佢咁紅。。。呢啲唔係一早知架啦咩,old news is so exciting)就係講緊個system估到你想睇嘅嘢、想知嘅嘢,科技公司sell緊嘅係predictability。我哋對自己嘅選擇毫無控制,當我哋所有嘢都要方便、快捷,我哋將一啲本來我哋要用腦嘅嘢都外判埋,真真正正將好奇心外判俾system、algorithm。例如睇啲咩書、食啲乜嘢、買啲咩衫,我哋連俾自己少少放空嘅時間都無。

我記得係牛津嘅innovation week,最後嗰日學校要求我哋成個晏晝咩都唔好做,同幾個同學仔喺公園入面行、傾計,又帶我哋行唔同嘅建築,感受建築如何影響我哋嘅思想、態度。香港嘅主辦方知道咗之後好嬲,覺得佢哋hea我哋,浪費我哋嘅時間。但係其實我覺得就係嗰個經驗令我對外界嘅敏感度高咗,亦都發現原來我哋好耐都無試過咩都唔做,原來我哋係咁驚同自己相處係因為我哋個腦乜嘢都無。。。科技越來越發展得快,但係我哋嘅好奇心好似越來越少。所以我同自己講,我一定要將我諗嘅嘢記低,無論係一隻字都好,同埋一定要睇書。因為睇書有留白,係行與行之間可以諗到好多嘢,同埋書係一個長嘅論述,當浸淫喺裡面,可以擺脫algorithm急速咁影響我地嘅思路。最好就係去圖書館,嗰度無algorithm,亦都無social media,嗰度先係真正嘅自由(政治書籍除外,唉)。另外,我會subscribe newsletters,因為會少啲algorithm嘅影響。同埋我一直都想有一個讀書會,每一期都會討論一啲奇奇怪怪嘅嘢,擺脫自己既有嘅框框。

開頭講到,究竟我podcast嘅題目係點諗出嚟嘅呢?其實每一集我都好在意要講一個同之前一集非常唔同嘅主題,個原因係我想大家知道其實每一樣微小嘅事物背後都有佢自己嘅故事,而我最想就係可以引發到大家嘅好奇心。只要我哋重拾返對生活上面小事嘅好奇心,就唔再需要聽我嘅podcast喇!

【1】https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Gutenberg


Books to read:

Where good ideas come from: The natural history of innovation, Steven Johnson

The Creative Curve, Allen Gannett

A Curious Mind, Brian Grazer, Charles Fishman